Environmental and Economic Assessment of a Novel Solvolysis-Based Biorefinery Producing Lignin-Derived Marine Biofuel and Cellulosic Ethanol
نویسندگان
چکیده
Methanol is considered to be a viable option for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in shipping, the second-highest emitter after road freight. However, use of fossil methanol insufficient meet climate change targets, while renewable yet unavailable on commercial scale. This paper presents novel biorefinery concept based biomass solvolysis produce crude lignin oil (CLO) from forest residues, drop-in biofuel methanol-propelled ships, and evaluates its environmental economic profiles. In base scenario, CLO can achieve emission saving 84% GHG compared alternatives, minimum selling price (MSP) $821 per ton equivalent (ME), i.e., within range current bio-methanol production costs. The GHGs co-produced ethanol reduced by 67% analogues. increase electricity share 75% capable shrinking 1/5 vs. case, losses, e.g., that cellulose pulp, boost 63%. Low-pressure steam pretreatment, as well capacity factor 2.5, have greatest potential reduce MSP $530 $614 ME, respectively.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Energies
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1996-1073']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145007